The Best Bait for Lobster Traps: What Works and What Doesn’t
Quick answer
In the Northeast, fresh herring is the gold standard for lobster bait—it’s affordable, widely available, and consistently attracts lobsters. Mackerel and menhaden (pogies) are strong alternatives, especially in warmer months when lobsters are more active. Avoid spoiled or overly oily bait, as it can repel lobsters or attract unwanted species like crabs. Seasonal adjustments matter: use saltier, firmer bait in cold water and fresher, oilier options in summer. Always secure bait tightly to prevent theft by crabs or fish.
For a full guide on gear, regulations, and profit strategies—including bait sourcing and trap placement—check out Survive Your First Lobster Season. It covers everything from bait selection to maximizing your catch without wasting money.
Why Bait Choice Matters for Northeast Lobstering
Lobsters in the Northeast are opportunistic feeders, but they’re also picky. Their preferences shift with water temperature, molting cycles, and even the time of day. Using the wrong bait can mean empty traps, wasted fuel, and lost income. The right bait, however, can double your catch rate—especially if you match it to the season and local conditions.
For example, in early spring when water is cold, lobsters metabolize slower and prefer high-protein, easy-to-digest bait like herring. By late summer, when lobsters are feeding aggressively before winter, oilier baits like mackerel or pogies can trigger more strikes. But it’s not just about the species—how you present the bait matters just as much.
Top 5 Bait Types for Northeast Lobster Traps
1. Herring (Atlantic or River)
Herring is the most common and reliable bait for lobster traps in the Northeast. It’s affordable, easy to source from local fish markets or bait dealers, and works year-round. Fresh herring has a strong scent trail that lobsters follow, even in cold water. For best results, use whole fish or large chunks, and secure them with bait bags or mesh to prevent crabs from stealing it.
Pro tip: If herring is scarce, frozen herring works in a pinch—just thaw it fully and avoid freezer-burned batches. Some fishermen soak frozen herring in saltwater for a few hours to revive the scent.
2. Mackerel (Atlantic or Spanish)
Mackerel is oilier and more pungent than herring, making it a top choice for warmer months when lobsters are more active. The strong odor travels farther in the water, attracting lobsters from a wider area. However, mackerel spoils faster, so it’s best used within 24 hours of purchase. It’s also more expensive, so save it for high-traffic areas or when herring isn’t producing.
Note: Mackerel can attract sharks or seals in some areas, so use it cautiously if you’re fishing near deeper waters or known predator zones.
3. Menhaden (Pogies)
Menhaden, or pogies, are a favorite in southern New England and Long Island Sound. They’re oily, soft, and break down slowly, releasing scent over time. This makes them ideal for overnight sets or when fishing in areas with strong currents. Pogies are often sold frozen in bulk, which can save money if you have storage space.
Downside: Pogies can be messy and attract a lot of bycatch, including crabs and dogfish. Use bait bags to contain the mess and reduce theft.
4. Squid
Squid is less common but highly effective in certain conditions. It’s durable, stays on the hook well, and has a strong scent that lobsters love. Squid works particularly well in rocky or high-current areas where softer baits might wash away. It’s also a good option if you’re targeting larger lobsters, as the tough texture forces them to linger at the trap.
Best for: Late summer and fall, when lobsters are bulking up for winter. Squid is more expensive, so use it strategically in high-value areas.
5. Eel
Eel is a traditional bait in Maine and the Canadian Maritimes, prized for its durability and strong scent. It’s especially effective in cold water, as it breaks down slowly and stays attractive for days. Eel is often used in combination with other baits, like herring, to create a more enticing scent trail.
Challenge: Eel is harder to source and more expensive than other baits. It’s also regulated in some areas, so check local rules before using it.
Seasonal Bait Guide: What to Use When
Lobster behavior changes with the seasons, and your bait should too. Here’s a quick reference for what works best in the Northeast:
| Season | Best Bait Choices | Why It Works | Pro Tips |
|---|---|---|---|
| Spring (March–May) | Herring, eel | Cold water slows lobster metabolism; they prefer easy-to-eat, high-protein bait. | Use smaller chunks to avoid waste. Secure bait tightly to prevent crab theft. |
| Summer (June–August) | Mackerel, pogies, squid | Lobsters feed aggressively; oilier baits create stronger scent trails. | Rotate bait every 12–24 hours to prevent spoilage. Avoid leaving traps too long in warm water. |
| Fall (September–November) | Squid, herring, mackerel | Lobsters bulk up for winter; durable baits like squid work well. | Increase bait quantity as lobsters become more competitive. |
| Winter (December–February) | Eel, herring | Lobsters are less active; bait must last longer and stay attractive. | Use bait bags to contain scent. Check traps less frequently to avoid disturbing lobsters. |
Bait Sourcing: Where to Get It and How to Save Money
Bait costs can eat into your profits if you’re not careful. Here’s how to source bait efficiently in the Northeast:
- Local fish markets: Many coastal towns have fish markets that sell fresh bait at wholesale prices. Build a relationship with a dealer to get first pick of the best batches.
- Bait dealers: Some dealers specialize in lobster bait and offer bulk discounts. Ask about delivery options if you don’t have a truck.
- Frozen bait: Buying frozen bait in bulk can save money, but thaw it properly to avoid losing scent. Store it in a freezer on your boat if possible.
- Bycatch: If you’re fishing for other species, save undersized or unwanted fish for bait. This is a free way to supplement your bait supply.
- Co-ops: Some lobster co-ops sell bait at cost to members. Joining a co-op can also give you access to shared storage and equipment.
Pro tip: Keep a bait log to track what works and what doesn’t. Note the type of bait, quantity, location, and catch results. Over time, you’ll spot patterns that help you optimize your bait strategy.
Common Bait Mistakes and How to Avoid Them
Even experienced fishermen make bait mistakes. Here are the most common ones and how to fix them:
- Using spoiled bait: Lobsters avoid rancid or overly decomposed bait. If your bait smells sour or has a slimy texture, toss it. Fresh bait should have a clean, briny scent.
- Overloading traps: Too much bait can attract crabs and other bycatch, which steal bait and scare off lobsters. Use just enough to create a strong scent trail—usually 1–2 pounds per trap.
- Poor bait placement: Bait should be secured in the center of the trap, where lobsters are most likely to encounter it. Use bait bags or mesh to keep it in place.
- Ignoring local regulations: Some areas restrict certain bait types, like eel or pogies, to protect local fisheries. Always check state and federal rules before heading out.
- Not adjusting for season: Using the same bait year-round is a recipe for inconsistent catches. Follow the seasonal guide above to match your bait to lobster behavior.
If you’re struggling with bait theft or low catch rates, Survive Your First Lobster Season includes a troubleshooting section on bait presentation and trap modifications to improve your results.
Who Should Read Survive Your First Lobster Season?
This ebook is for anyone serious about lobstering in the Northeast—whether you’re a beginner or an experienced fisherman looking to refine your approach. It’s especially useful if you:
- Want to avoid costly mistakes with bait, gear, or regulations.
- Need a step-by-step guide to sourcing, storing, and using bait effectively.
- Are looking for ways to maximize your catch while minimizing expenses.
- Want to understand the business side of lobstering, including profit strategies and market trends.
The book covers everything from choosing the right bait for your area to setting traps for optimal results. It’s written by fishermen, for fishermen, with no fluff—just practical advice you can use on your next trip.
Final Tips for Better Bait Results
Before you head out, run through this quick checklist to ensure your bait is working for you, not against you:
- Is your bait fresh and properly stored?
- Have you matched your bait to the season and water temperature?
- Is the bait secured in the center of the trap?
- Have you checked local regulations for bait restrictions?
- Are you using the right quantity (not too much, not too little)?
If you’re ready to take your lobstering to the next level, Survive Your First Lobster Season is your go-to resource. It’s packed with insider tips, gear recommendations, and profit strategies to help you succeed in the Northeast’s competitive lobster fishery.
Frequently asked questions
What’s the cheapest bait for lobster traps in the Northeast?
Fresh herring is the cheapest and most widely available bait for lobster traps in the Northeast. It’s sold at most coastal fish markets and bait dealers, often at wholesale prices. Frozen herring is even cheaper if you buy in bulk and have storage space. For free bait, save undersized or unwanted fish from other fishing trips.
Does the size of the bait matter for lobster traps?
Yes, bait size affects how long it lasts and how easily lobsters can access it. In cold water, use smaller chunks (about the size of your fist) to avoid waste, as lobsters eat less. In warmer months, larger chunks or whole fish work better because lobsters are more active and can consume more. Always secure bait tightly to prevent crabs or fish from stealing it.
How often should I change bait in lobster traps?
Change bait every 24–48 hours in warm water (summer) to prevent spoilage. In cold water (spring or fall), bait can last 2–3 days. If you notice crabs or fish stealing bait, check traps more frequently. Always inspect bait before each set—if it smells sour or looks slimy, replace it immediately.
Can I use chicken or other meats as lobster bait?
While lobsters will eat almost anything, chicken and other meats are not ideal. They lack the strong scent trail that fish baits create, and they spoil quickly in saltwater. Stick to traditional baits like herring, mackerel, or pogies for the best results. If you’re in a pinch, small amounts of chicken can work, but expect lower catch rates.
Why are my lobster traps full of crabs instead of lobsters?
Crabs are attracted to the same bait as lobsters, especially if the bait is soft or overly oily. To reduce crab bycatch, use firmer baits like squid or eel, and secure bait in mesh bags to make it harder for crabs to steal. Avoid overloading traps with bait, as this can attract more crabs. If crabs are a persistent problem, try fishing in deeper or rockier areas where lobsters dominate.
Is frozen bait as good as fresh bait for lobster traps?
Frozen bait can work well if it’s thawed properly and not freezer-burned. The key is to thaw it slowly in saltwater to revive the scent. Frozen bait is often cheaper and more convenient, especially if you buy in bulk. However, fresh bait is usually more effective because it has a stronger odor. If you use frozen bait, soak it in saltwater for a few hours before setting traps to enhance its attractiveness.
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What’s the cheapest bait for lobster traps in the Northeast?
Fresh herring is the cheapest and most widely available bait for lobster traps in the Northeast. It’s sold at most coastal fish markets and bait dealers, often at wholesale prices. Frozen herring is even cheaper if you buy in bulk and have storage space. For free bait, save undersized or unwanted fish from other fishing trips.
Does the size of the bait matter for lobster traps?
Yes, bait size affects how long it lasts and how easily lobsters can access it. In cold water, use smaller chunks (about the size of your fist) to avoid waste, as lobsters eat less. In warmer months, larger chunks or whole fish work better because lobsters are more active and can consume more. Always secure bait tightly to prevent crabs or fish from stealing it.
How often should I change bait in lobster traps?
Change bait every 24–48 hours in warm water (summer) to prevent spoilage. In cold water (spring or fall), bait can last 2–3 days. If you notice crabs or fish stealing bait, check traps more frequently. Always inspect bait before each set—if it smells sour or looks slimy, replace it immediately.
Can I use chicken or other meats as lobster bait?
While lobsters will eat almost anything, chicken and other meats are not ideal. They lack the strong scent trail that fish baits create, and they spoil quickly in saltwater. Stick to traditional baits like herring, mackerel, or pogies for the best results. If you’re in a pinch, small amounts of chicken can work, but expect lower catch rates.
Why are my lobster traps full of crabs instead of lobsters?
Crabs are attracted to the same bait as lobsters, especially if the bait is soft or overly oily. To reduce crab bycatch, use firmer baits like squid or eel, and secure bait in mesh bags to make it harder for crabs to steal. Avoid overloading traps with bait, as this can attract more crabs. If crabs are a persistent problem, try fishing in deeper or rockier areas where lobsters dominate.
Is frozen bait as good as fresh bait for lobster traps?
Frozen bait can work well if it’s thawed properly and not freezer-burned. The key is to thaw it slowly in saltwater to revive the scent. Frozen bait is often cheaper and more convenient, especially if you buy in bulk. However, fresh bait is usually more effective because it has a stronger odor. If you use frozen bait, soak it in saltwater for a few hours before setting traps to enhance its attractiveness.